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Ganden Podrang Regime and the Autonomous Region of Tibet (Since 1642) The Pagdu Dynasty was ended by the Karma Regime in 1618, which existed for only 24 years. Oppressed by the king who carried out hostile policies against the Gelugpa Sect, Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682), the fifth Dalai Lama, overthrew the king under the patronage of Gushri Khan and established the Ganden Podrang Regime in 1642. In 1653, Lobsang Gyatso received the title of 'Dalai Lama' from the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), which acknowledged the Dalai Lama as the religious leader of Tibetan Buddhism enjoying the superiority of conferment. In 1713 upon the ferment caused by the death of the fifth Dalai Lama, Emperor Kangxi (1654-1722) conferred the title of 'Panchen Erdeni' on the fifth Panchen Lama (1663-1737), hence an official recognition of the Panchen Lama as the religious leader of Tibetan Buddhism with authority equal to that of the Dalai Lama. (See detailed information about Dalai and Panchen).
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